犯规 (fàn guī): to break the rules; an illegality; a foul

In the basketball game, he was ejected by the referee for committing a pushing foul, and the team thus lost its key player.

The soccer player committed a foul inside the penalty area, the referee awarded a penalty kick to the opposing team, and as a result, the opponent scored.

During an exam, if you bring a mobile phone into the examination room, even if you don't use it, it will be considered a violation and your exam score will be canceled.

In a Chinese chess match, if a player commits three fouls in a row, the referee will directly declare a loss, and the opponent wins without playing.