沧桑 (cāng sāng): 大きな変化

He was still a youth when he left home; when he returned forty years later, his face was etched with the marks of a lifetime of changes, while the old tree at the village entrance still stood there.

This ancient city has weathered a thousand years of vicissitudes; though its walls are mottled, they still stand firm.

He spoke softly, but his tone revealed a calm born of having weathered many changes, and people couldn't help but trust him.

That old photograph records the many changes this family went through over decades—from poverty to prosperity, from quarrels to harmony—all captured in it.

Standing on the top floor of a newly built high-rise overlooking the city, he was filled with emotion: he had actually witnessed with his own eyes the tremendous changes on this land.