冒犯 (mào fàn): เพื่อรุกราน

He speaks too directly and often unintentionally offends others without realizing it.

At a formal meeting, if you interrupt the leader while he is speaking, you might offend him.

She was worried that her joke might offend the new colleague, so she apologized in advance.

Different cultures have different understandings of politeness; sometimes a single gesture can offend the locals.